Theory of change is an approach used mostly in the not-for-profit sector to identify long term ideals in terms of social change, to then works backwards to map out the stages and processes that are necessary for that ultimate impact to be attained.

A monitoring and evaluation framework or plan is a comprehensive document that provides context for a particular program or intervention by explaining the connections between the program and the organisation or group’s broader goals, and by laying out the processes, factors, and stakeholders that need to be taken into account for planning and executing a monitoring and evaluation initiative.

A logical framework is a tool that helps practitioners plan, design, execute, monitor and evaluate a program, project or intervention. It considers the connections and dependencies between available resources, planned activities, and desired outputs, outcomes, or results.